Archive for May 27th, 2010
Witnesses Ran Cocaine, Guns For Christopher “Dudus” Coke
Affidavits from two confidential informants form the basis for charges that Coke, a 41-year-old accused drug kingpin, has pumped cocaine and hundreds of pounds of marijuana into the United States. The affidavits are part of the U.S. government’s effort to have Coke extradited. The Jamaican government presented the affidavits in its own extradition proceedings, making the documents public. A third affidavit, supplied by “John Doe,” an anonymous Jamaican police officer assigned to wiretap Coke’s phone conversations, has been a source of consternation for the Jamaican government.
Coke, 41, rules via a combination of violence, corruption and philanthropy. Coke, the son of accused drug lord Lester Lloyd Coke (aka “Jim Brown” or “don dadda”), who was burned to death in a jail cell in 1992, rose to the top of the drug trade amid the turmoil. He lives in a poor area, and because of his sale of cocaine, he basically plays the Robin Hood role. Coke and his gang hand out sandwiches in the streets, send children to school, build medical and community centers. Coke’s organization uses “mules” — often women smuggling drugs internally — to distribute cocaine along the U.S. Eastern Seaboard. In August, a grand jury in New York handed up an indictment alleging that Coke and his Shower Posse conspired to distribute cocaine and marijuana in the United States. The indictment also accuses Coke and his cohorts of trafficking firearms. The Jamaican government initially balked on extradition, and in March, Prime Minister Bruce Golding issued a statement denying claims that his government was not cooperating with U.S. counternarcotics efforts. Instead, he said, a wiretap employed in the American investigation violated Jamaican law. Coke enjoys connections within the country’s ruling Jamaica Labor Party, of which Golding is a member. Golding recently issued a national apology for government involvement in hiring a lobbying firm to fend off a U.S. extradition request.
The affidavits are part of the U.S. government’s effort to have Coke extradited. One witness quoted in the affidavit said Coke used women to “body-carry,” or smuggle internally, the cocaine and travel to New York under the guise of purchasing clothing for their shops in Kingston. In his affidavit, signed May 14, 2009, John Doe says only that he had been part of a team intercepting calls between Coke and his associates since October 2004. He personally listened to calls, sometimes for eight hours a day, between April 2007 and October 2007, he said.
He also said the calls referenced in one of the affidavits — that of Cooperating Witness 1, or CW-1 — “were recorded in Jamaica pursuant to court authorization.”
John Doe makes no reference to the second witness, who told authorities he was part of Coke’s cocaine ring and saw nine Jamaican women make 20 drug-smuggling trips to the U.S. between 1996 and 1997.
Marijuana allegations
CW-1, who said he began cooperating with authorities in 2008 and pleaded guilty to firearms trafficking and drug charges, said in his affidavit that he met Coke in 2003 and knew him as “Presi,” “Bossy” and “Little Wicked.”
He was friends with one of Coke’s lieutenants, who the informant knew as “Reaggie,” and often chatted with Coke in the Tivoli Gardens garrison community where the alleged drug lord holds sway.
CW-1 said he entered the U.S. illegally in 2004 and went to New York. He spoke to Reaggie and Presi regularly and sent them gifts: cash, clothes, accessories, electronics and car parts among them.
“I sent these items to Presi because I knew that Presi was powerful and influential among drug traffickers in the United States. I understood and expected that if I ever had a problem with my drug business in New York — such as a problem with my customers or suppliers — Presi would help me fix the problem,” CW-1 said in the affidavit.
By 2006, CW-1 said he was distributing “a few hundred pounds of marijuana” a week, and he offered to give one of Coke’s “workers” marijuana at cost so profits could be sent to Coke in Jamaica.
“I made this suggestion out of respect for Presi and Reaggie and to further strengthen my relationship with them,” the informant said.
According to the affidavit, authorities intercepted an April 2007 call between Coke and Reaggie in which they said a New York associate named “Sky” would receive marijuana for $450 a pound. He would then sell the marijuana and send the profits to Coke.
Instead, CW-1 said, he gave a second worker — identified in the affidavit as “Rome” — two 400-pound bundles of marijuana on consignment.
The following month, CW-1 wanted to retaliate against a man who failed to pay him for 20 pounds of marijuana. He said he called Coke first because the absconder hailed from Tivoli Gardens.
“Presi told me, in coded language, that I should do whatever I felt I needed to do to protect myself and my drug business,” CW-1 said in the affidavit, adding that he later confronted “the customer” in the Bronx and “used violence against him in an effort to recover the money that he owed me.”
Firearms allegations
CW-1 told authorities that because Coke needed weapons to protect himself, he purchased three handguns: a Ruger, Desert Eagle, a 9 mm Smith & Wesson and a .380-caliber. On April 3, 2007, he drove with a friend to Sky’s Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, residence and handed over the guns so they could be shipped to Coke, he said.
CW-1 said in the affidavit he understood Sky would mail the weapons along with two AK-47 rifles. CW-1 said that in another conversation with one of his marijuana dealers, whom the affidavit identifies as “Kevin,” they discussed how to get weapons to Coke.
“Kevin told me that he had in the past sent firearms to Presi in refrigerators,” CW-1 said.
Court documents say Coke and Reaggie discussed the arrival of the weapons on a wiretapped call on May 8, 2007.
“On this call, Presi also discusses which guns he will keep and which ones will go to other people,” an affidavit said.
The affidavit of Cooperating Witness 2, or CW-2, outlines the cocaine charges the U.S. has leveled against Coke. CW-2 said he considered himself “part of the American branch” of Coke’s notorious Shower Posse.
CW-2, who said he pleaded guilty to charges that he conspired to distribute heroin, cocaine, crack and marijuana, began cooperating with U.S. authorities in 2005, according to an affidavit.
Cocaine allegations
CW-2 told police he and other Jamaicans sold crack in the Bronx between 240th and 241st streets, and he first saw Coke in the area in the early 1990s. Around 1994, he met a man identified as “Mikey” at a Bronx restaurant, and Mikey introduced him to a “mule,” or drug smuggler, from Tivoli Gardens, he said.
“I then saw the young woman go to use the restaurant’s bathroom,” CW-2 told authorities. “Several hours later that same day when the restaurant was closed Mikey gave me cocaine and I cooked the cocaine into crack at the restaurant. Mikey told me that the young woman that I had seen go into the bathroom had removed the cocaine from her body.”
The cocaine produced almost a half-kilogram of crack, CW-2 said.
About two years later, CW-2 was with a fellow crack dealer, his crack supplier (allegedly one of Coke’s money handlers) and two women, one of whom sold clothes in Kingston’s Arcade shopping area, allegedly controlled by Coke.
“The dealer explained to me that [Coke] requires that the girls who have shops in the Arcade [and who travel to New York to purchase clothing] carry between one-quarter-and-one-half of a kilogram of cocaine when they come to the United States so that the cocaine can be sold here,” CW-2 said. “The dealer said that if the girls refuse to do so, then their businesses will be threatened and the clothing they sell and the money that they earn will be stolen.”
CW-2 continued in his affidavit, “Later that same day, the supplier provided me with approximately two to three ounces of uncooked powder cocaine. Earlier that day, when I had asked the supplier for cocaine, he didn’t have any. Based on that, I concluded that he had just obtained the cocaine that he gave to me from the girl who was with the supplier when I had seen him earlier that day.”
The affidavits of the confidential informants were provided to the Jamaican government in an effort to expedite the extradition process. For nine months, the Jamaican government balked at approving the extradition proceedings, as the U.S. Embassy in Kingston issued letters and diplomatic notes assuring no laws or treaties were violated during the investigation.
U.S. envoy Isiah Parnell assured Jamaican officials in December that Coke would receive a fair trial and have an opportunity to face his accusers. A February diplomatic note stated that Coke’s case “is among the strongest extradition cases that the United States has made to the government of Jamaica.”
After months of wrangling, Prime Minister Golding earlier this month said he would let the courts handle the matter, setting off this week’s violent police clashes with Coke’s gang members and their supporters in the Jamaican capital.
It appears Coke may have been aware that an indictment was coming well before its issuance last year.
According to an affidavit, an intercepted call in October 2007 caught Coke telling an associate, Omar, “They’re coming out with an indictment. … They’re saying that one is going to be there for me, too.”
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N. Korea Threatens “All-Out-War”
North Korea reacted to a South Korean anti-submarine exercise early Thursday by saying it would meet “confrontation with confrontation” and war with “all-out war.” Now that the group challenged the DPRK [North Korea] formally and blatantly, the DPRK will react to confrontation with confrontation, and to a war with an all-out war,” according the KCNA news agency. When a North Korean Submarine shot a torpedo that hit a south Korean ship and sunk 46 people. The South Korean President, Lee Myung-bak suspended all trade with North Korea for the attack. North Korea now has taken it’s own action by severing all links, escalating the standoff over accusations that the North sank a South Korean’s Ship.
South Korea fired artillery and dropped bombs in military exercises off the west coast of the divided Korean peninsula. The drills aim to help the military detect incursions by the north’s submarines, follow the findings of an international investigation into the sinking of the Cheonan on 26 March in which 46 sailors died. The navy said 10 vessels including a destroyer fired guns and launched anti-submarine bombs south of the capital, Seoul, in a one-day exercise. The exercises were conducted far from the disputed sea border with North Korea, in the Yellow Sea, the southern news agency Yonhap reported, citing military officials.
According to Choi Ju-hwal, who in 1995 defected from his post as Colonel and Chief of joint venture section of Yung-Seong Trading Company under the Ministry of People’s Army, as well as other defectors, missile production facilities include:
- 7 Factory near Man’gyongdae-ri [Mankeyungdae]
- 26 Factory in Kanggye of Chagangdo Province [Kangkye of Jakangdo]
- 118 Factory in Kagamri, Kaecheon-kun in the southern province of Pyongahn
- 125 Factory [also called the "Pyongyang Pig Factory"] in the Hyengjesan Area of Pyongyang
- Yakjeon Machinery Factory in Man’gyongdae-ri [Mankeyungdae, also known as Man'gyongdae and Mankeidai]
According to Im Young-sun, a defector from North Korea and former leader of guard platoon in the Military Construction Bureau of the People’s Armed Forces Ministry, North Korea has deployed missiles at a number of facilities:
- a missile base on Mayang Island, Mayang-ri, Shinpo City, South Hamgyong Province was completed in late 1980.
- an intermediate-range missile base on Mt. Kanggamchan located on the opposite side of the Kane-po Fisheries Cooperatives in Jungsan County, South Pyongan Province was completed around 1985. A North Korean Navy surface-to-ship missile base was completed in early 1990 on the same site.
- a long-range missile base in Paekun-ri, Kusong County, North Pyong-an Province was completed in 1986.
- the No-dong missile base in Hwadae County, North Hamgyong Province was completed in 1988. The Taepo-Dong missile base in Hwadae County is an underground facility with surface-to-surface missiles designed to hit Japan. For security reasons, all inhabitants residing in the area within a radius of 80 Km of this base were reportedly ordered to move out.
- a missile base in Chunggang-up [Chungganjin], Huchang County, Jagang Province was started in 1990 and completed in 1995. This base was targeted at Okinawa.
- an underground missile base in Ok’pyong-nodongjagu [Ok-pyong Rodongja-ku], Munchon County, Kangwon Province was started in 1991, and scheduled for completion by 1997 or 1998. Missiles at the facility are targeted at Japan and US military bases in Japan.
- a long-range surface-to-surface missile base in Doksong County [probably Toksong-gun 40�25'00"N 128�10'00"E] , South Hamgyong Province is currently under construction.
North Korea has a brigade-sized SCUD B/C surface-to-surface missile (SSM) unit about 50 kilometers north of the DMZ at Chiha-ri, which is the main technical support base for North Korea’s Scud missile brigade. In addition, several SCUD B/C facilities have also been noted in development near the DMZ. These facilities would provide North Korea with additional hardened sites that could double or triple the numbers of SSM launchers and support equipment in the forward area. There is also an intermediate range rocket basea in Sangwon-gun in Pyongyang.
Air transportation in North Korea is practically nonexistent. The North Korean air force maintains approximately seventy air fields, including jet and non-jet bases and emergency runways, and has stationed its aircraft in some twenty to thirty air bases. Primary tactical aircraft are stationed at front-line bases and at airbases in the Pyongyang area. North Korea has deployed about half of its fighters in the front area which makes a possible short-warning attack against all areas of South Korea.
North Korea has built dozens of reserve airstrips for emergency landing and takeoff for fighters along highways and ordinary roads across the country. These reserve airstrips built along highways and on stretches of national roads between Sinuiju and Uiju, between P”yongyang and Sangwon, between P”yongyang and Wonsan, P”yongyang and Kaesong, P”yongyang and Sunan, between P”yongyang, P”yongsong, and Hamhung, between Wonsan-Kosong, between Hamhung and Ch”ongjin, and between Huich”on and Solsan.
The three air combat commands are under the direct control of the Air Command at Chunghwa, and the Eighth Air Division is probably headquartered at Rang [Orang] in the northeast. Pyongyang can place almost all its military aircraft in hardened–mostly underground–shelters.
In 1990-91, North Korea activated four forward air bases near the DMZ, which increased its initial southward reach and decreased warning and reaction times for Seoul.
More than 420 fighters, bombers, transport planes, and helicopters were redeployed in October 1995, with more than 100 aircraft were moved forward to three air bases near the DMZ. More than 20 Il-28 bombers were moved to Taetan which shortened their arrival time to Seoul from 30 minutes to 10 minutes. Over 80 MiG-17s redeployed to Nuchonri and Kuupri are able to attack Seoul in 6 minutes. According to South Korean estimates, these redeployments suggested that North Korea intends to make a first strike with outdated MiG-17s and the second strike with primary fighters such as MiG-21s and Su-25s.
Air Ports – 7 total
NAME DESIG. LATITUDE LONGITUDE AREA UTM JOG NO. + Chongjin
AIRP 41�47’11″N 129�44’51″E KN16 EB62 NK52-08 + Ihyon
AIRP 38�07’00″N 125�47’00″E KN06 YN42 NJ51-08 + Kwail
AIRP 38�25’19″N 125�01’20″E KN06 XN75 NJ51-08 + Onchon
AIRP 38�53’25″N 125�14’17″E KN15 XP90 NJ51-08 + Pukch’ang
AIRP 39�29’40″N 125�58’44″E KN15 YP57 NJ51-04 + Sunchon
AIRP 39�24’48″N 125�53’45″E KN15 YP46 NJ51-04 + Unchon Up
AIRP 38�32’59″N 125�20’22″E KN06 YN06 NJ51-08
Airfields – 60 total
NAME DESIG. LATITUDE LONGITUDE AREA UTM JOG NO. + Ayang Ni Highway Strip
AIRF 38�14’54″N 125�57’53″E KN07 YN53 NJ51-08 + Changjin-up
AIRF 40�22’08″N 127�15’47″E KN03 CX56 NK52-10 + Changyon
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�13’30″N 125�08’29″E KN06 XN83 NJ51-08 + Chik-Tong
AIRF 38�43’24″N 126�40’52″E KN07 BV98 NJ52-05 + Ch’o do
AIRF 38�33’02″N 124�50’04″E KN06 XN66 NJ51-08 + Haeju
AIRF 38�00’09″N 125�46’50″E KN06 YN40 NJ51-08 + Hoeyang Southeast
AIRF 38�39’42″N 127�38’56″E KN09 CV87 NJ52-05 + Hwangju
AIRF 38�39’01″N 125�47’34″E KN07 YN48 NJ51-08 + Hwangsuwon
AIRF 40�40’54″N 128�09’05″E KN13 DA20 NK52-11 + Hyesan
AIRF 41�22’40″N 128�12’19″E KN13 DA38 NK52-08 + Hyon-ni
AIRF 38�37’00″N 127�27’05″E KN09 CV67 NJ52-05 + Ichon
AIRF 38�28’54″N 126�51’34″E KN09 CV16 NJ52-05 + Ihyon
AIRF 38�07’42″N 125�51’00″E KN07 YN42 NJ51-08 + Inchon Northeast
AIRF 38�40’19″N 126�55’34″E KN09 CV18 NJ52-05 + Kaechon
AIRF 39�45’14″N 125�54’03″E KN15 YQ40 NJ51-04 + Kang Da Ri
AIRF 39�05’43″N 127�24’18″E KN09 CW62 NJ52-01 + Kangdong
AIRF 39�09’16″N 126�02’38″E KN15 BW43 NJ52-01 + Kilchu Hwy
AIRF 40�55’00″N 129�18’49″E KN16 EA22 NK52-11 + Kojo
AIRF 38�50’21″N 127�52’21″E KN09 DV09 NJ52-06 + Koksan
AIRF 38�41’35″N 126�36’07″E KN07 BV98 NJ52-05 + Koksan South Highway Strip
AIRF 38�44’07″N 126�39’40″E KN07 BV98 NJ52-05 + Kuktong
AIRF 41�14’48″N 129�33’53″E KN16 EA46 NK52-08 + Kuum-ni
AIRF 38�51’35″N 127�54’32″E KN09 DW00 NJ52-06 + Kwaksan
AIRF 39�43’51″N 125�06’47″E KN11 XP89 NJ51-04 + Kyongsong-Chuul
AIRF 41�33’39″N 129�37’44″E KN16 EB50 NK52-08 + Maengsan
AIRF 39�39’04″N 126�40’23″E KN15 CW09 NJ52-01 + Manpo
AIRF 41�08’20″N 126�21’19″E KN01 BA75 NK52-07 + Mirim
AIRF 39�01’00″N 125�50’41″E KN12 YP42 NJ51-04 + Nuchon Ni
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�13’46″N 126�16’05″E KN06 BV63 NJ52-05 + Okpyong ni
AIRF 39�16’01″N 127�19’28″E KN09 CW54 NJ52-01 + Ongjin
AIRF 37�55’39″N 125�25’11″E KN06 YM19 NJ51-08 + Orang
AIRF 41�25’42″N 129�38’51″E KN16 EA58 NK52-08 + Paegam
AIRF 41�56’41″N 128�51’35″E KN13 DB84 NK52-08 + Panghyon
AIRF 39�55’43″N 125�12’29″E KN11 XQ82 NJ51-04 + Panghyon South Highway Strip
AIRF 39�52’58″N 125�09’43″E KN11 XQ81 NJ51-04 + Pyong Ni South Highway Strip
AIRF 39�19’24″N 125�53’57″E KN15 YP55 NJ51-04 + Pyongsul Li
AIRF 38�42’46″N 126�43’29″E KN07 CV08 NJ52-05 + Pyongyang
AIRF 38�56’14″N 125�37’47″E KN12 YP21 NJ51-08 + Samjiyon
AIRF 41�54’20″N 128�24’31″E KN13 DB53 NK52-08 + Sangwon
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�50’47″N 126�03’51″E KN12 BW40 NJ52-05 + Sinhung
Highway Strip
AIRF 40�10’53″N 127�32’36″E KN03 CX74 NK52-10 + Sinuiju
AIRF 40�05’01″N 124�24’28″E KN11 XE23 NK51-12 + Sohung South
AIRF 38�21’36″N 126�13’14″E KN07 BV54 NJ52-05 + Sonchon
AIRF 39�55’06″N 124�50’20″E KN11 XQ51 NJ51-04 + Sondok
AIRF 39�44’45″N 127�28’37″E KN03 CW69 NJ52-01 + Sunan
AIRF 39�12’05″N 125�40’21″E KN15 YP34 NJ51-04 + Sunan-up North Highway Strip
AIRF 39�14’16″N 125�40’27″E KN15 YP34 NJ51-04 + Sungam ni
AIRF 41�40’19″N 129�40’23″E KN16 EB51 NK52-08 + Taebukpo Ri
AIRF 38�19’46″N 126�52’17″E KN07 CV14 NJ52-05 + Taechon
AIRF 39�54’14″N 125�29’32″E KN11 YQ11 NJ51-04 + Taechon Northwest
AIRF 39�59’32″N 125�21’36″E KN11 YQ02 NJ51-04 Taetan: see T’aet’an-pihaengjang
AIRF 38�08’04″N 125�14’43″E KN06 XN92 NJ51-08 + T’aet’an-pihaengjang
AIRF 38�08’04″N 125�14’43″E KN06 XN92 NJ51-08 + Toha Ri North
AIRF 38�42’10″N 126�17’18″E KN07 BV68 NJ52-05 + Toksan
AIRF 39�59’37″N 127�37’02″E KN03 CX82 NJ52-02 + Uiju
AIRF 40�08’59″N 124�29’53″E KN11 XE24 NK51-12 + Uthachi
AIRF 38�54’46″N 125�48’00″E KN12 YP41 NJ51-08 + Wong Yo Ri Highway Strip
AIRF 38�35’47″N 126�31’38″E KN07 BV87 NJ52-05 + Wonsan
AIRF 39�09’41″N 127�29’06″E KN09 CW63 NJ52-01 + Yong Hung
AIRF 39�32’09″N 127�17’29″E KN03 CW57 NJ52-01
Airfields – 60 total
The same list, sorted by geographical coordinates.
NAME DESIG. LATITUDE LONGITUDE AREA UTM JOG NO. + Ongjin
AIRF 37�55’39″N 125�25’11″E KN06 YM19 NJ51-08 + Haeju
AIRF 38�00’09″N 125�46’50″E KN06 YN40 NJ51-08 + Ihyon
AIRF 38�07’42″N 125�51’00″E KN07 YN42 NJ51-08 Taetan: see T’aet’an-pihaengjang
AIRF 38�08’04″N 125�14’43″E KN06 XN92 NJ51-08 + T’aet’an-pihaengjang
AIRF 38�08’04″N 125�14’43″E KN06 XN92 NJ51-08 + Changyon
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�13’30″N 125�08’29″E KN06 XN83 NJ51-08 + Nuchon Ni
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�13’46″N 126�16’05″E KN06 BV63 NJ52-05 + Ayang Ni
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�14’54″N 125�57’53″E KN07 YN53 NJ51-08 + Taebukpo Ri
AIRF 38�19’46″N 126�52’17″E KN07 CV14 NJ52-05 + Sohung South
AIRF 38�21’36″N 126�13’14″E KN07 BV54 NJ52-05 + Ichon
AIRF 38�28’54″N 126�51’34″E KN09 CV16 NJ52-05 + Ch’o do
AIRF 38�33’02″N 124�50’04″E KN06 XN66 NJ51-08 + Wong Yo Ri Highway Strip
AIRF 38�35’47″N 126�31’38″E KN07 BV87 NJ52-05 + Hyon-ni
AIRF 38�37’00″N 127�27’05″E KN09 CV67 NJ52-05 + Hwangju
AIRF 38�39’01″N 125�47’34″E KN07 YN48 NJ51-08 + Hoeyang Southeast
AIRF 38�39’42″N 127�38’56″E KN09 CV87 NJ52-05 + Inchon Northeast
AIRF 38�40’19″N 126�55’34″E KN09 CV18 NJ52-05 + Koksan
AIRF 38�41’35″N 126�36’07″E KN07 BV98 NJ52-05 + Toha Ri North
AIRF 38�42’10″N 126�17’18″E KN07 BV68 NJ52-05 + Pyongsul Li
AIRF 38�42’46″N 126�43’29″E KN07 CV08 NJ52-05 + Chik-Tong
AIRF 38�43’24″N 126�40’52″E KN07 BV98 NJ52-05 + Koksan South Highway Strip
AIRF 38�44’07″N 126�39’40″E KN07 BV98 NJ52-05 + Kojo
AIRF 38�50’21″N 127�52’21″E KN09 DV09 NJ52-06 + Sangwon
Highway Strip
AIRF 38�50’47″N 126�03’51″E KN12 BW40 NJ52-05 + Kuum-ni
AIRF 38�51’35″N 127�54’32″E KN09 DW00 NJ52-06 + Uthachi
AIRF 38�54’46″N 125�48’00″E KN12 YP41 NJ51-08 + Pyongyang
AIRF 38�56’14″N 125�37’47″E KN12 YP21 NJ51-08 + Mirim
AIRF 39�01’00″N 125�50’41″E KN12 YP42 NJ51-04 + Kang Da Ri
AIRF 39�05’43″N 127�24’18″E KN09 CW62 NJ52-01 + Kangdong
AIRF 39�09’16″N 126�02’38″E KN15 BW43 NJ52-01 + Wonsan
AIRF 39�09’41″N 127�29’06″E KN09 CW63 NJ52-01 + Sunan
AIRF 39�12’05″N 125�40’21″E KN15 YP34 NJ51-04 + Sunan-up North Highway Strip
AIRF 39�14’16″N 125�40’27″E KN15 YP34 NJ51-04 + Okpyong ni
AIRF 39�16’01″N 127�19’28″E KN09 CW54 NJ52-01 + Pyong Ni South Highway Strip
AIRF 39�19’24″N 125�53’57″E KN15 YP55 NJ51-04 + Yong Hung
AIRF 39�32’09″N 127�17’29″E KN03 CW57 NJ52-01 + Maengsan
AIRF 39�39’04″N 126�40’23″E KN15 CW09 NJ52-01 + Kwaksan
AIRF 39�43’51″N 125�06’47″E KN11 XP89 NJ51-04 + Sondok
AIRF 39�44’45″N 127�28’37″E KN03 CW69 NJ52-01 + Kaechon
AIRF 39�45’14″N 125�54’03″E KN15 YQ40 NJ51-04 + Panghyon South Highway Strip
AIRF 39�52’58″N 125�09’43″E KN11 XQ81 NJ51-04 + Taechon
AIRF 39�54’14″N 125�29’32″E KN11 YQ11 NJ51-04 + Sonchon
AIRF 39�55’06″N 124�50’20″E KN11 XQ51 NJ51-04 + Panghyon
AIRF 39�55’43″N 125�12’29″E KN11 XQ82 NJ51-04 + Taechon Northwest
AIRF 39�59’32″N 125�21’36″E KN11 YQ02 NJ51-04 + Toksan
AIRF 39�59’37″N 127�37’02″E KN03 CX82 NJ52-02 + Sinuiju
AIRF 40�05’01″N 124�24’28″E KN11 XE23 NK51-12 + Uiju
AIRF 40�08’59″N 124�29’53″E KN11 XE24 NK51-12 + Sinhung
Highway Strip
AIRF 40�10’53″N 127�32’36″E KN03 CX74 NK52-10 + Changjin-up
AIRF 40�22’08″N 127�15’47″E KN03 CX56 NK52-10 + Hwangsuwon
AIRF 40�40’54″N 128�09’05″E KN13 DA20 NK52-11 + Kilchu Hwy
AIRF 40�55’00″N 129�18’49″E KN16 EA22 NK52-11 + Manpo
AIRF 41�08’20″N 126�21’19″E KN01 BA75 NK52-07 + Kuktong
AIRF 41�14’48″N 129�33’53″E KN16 EA46 NK52-08 + Hyesan
AIRF 41�22’40″N 128�12’19″E KN13 DA38 NK52-08 + Orang
AIRF 41�25’42″N 129�38’51″E KN16 EA58 NK52-08 + Kyongsong-Chuul
AIRF 41�33’39″N 129�37’44″E KN16 EB50 NK52-08 + Sungam ni
AIRF 41�40’19″N 129�40’23″E KN16 EB51 NK52-08 + Samjiyon
AIRF 41�54’20″N 128�24’31″E KN13 DB53 NK52-08 + Paegam
AIRF 41�56’41″N 128�51’35″E KN13 DB84 NK52-08
North Korea has at least eight industrial facilities that can produce chemical agents, and probably nearly twice this many; however, the production rate and types of munitions are uncertain. Presumably, sarin, tabun, phosgene, adamsite, prussic acid and a family of mustard gases, comprising the basis of KPA chemical weapons, are produced here. North Korea has the capability to produce nerve gas, blood agents, and the mustard-gas family of chemical weapons.
There are at least five sources for the locations and characteristics of North Korean chemical weapons facilities:
- LOC – Chemical Weapons North Korea Country Study Library of Congress, 1993 ” … by the late 1980s as many as eight industrial facilities capable of producing chemical agents had been identified; they were located at Anju, Aoji, Ch’ngjin, Hamhng, Manp’o, Sinhung, Siniju, and Sunch’n. There were three research institutes; they were located at Kanggye, Siniju, and near Hamhng”
- UMA – Chemical, Biological Weapon Capabilities on Korean Peninsula : JPRS-UMA-94-045 : 2 November 1994 ” … there are at least eight industrial enterprises at which chemical agent production is possible. Mentioned among them are installations near the cities of Chongjin, Hamhung, Yonan, Hungnam, Kusong, Pyongyang, Sunchon and Nampo…”
- TND “Weekly Assesses DPRK Nuclear War Preparations,” JPRS-TND-94-015 : 30 June 1994 “North Korea’s chemical weapons-related organizations include the Humhung branch of the Academy of Defense Science; Kim Il-song University; the Chemical Department of Pyongsong College of Science; the Chemical Research Institute under the Second Academy of Natural Science; the Central Analysis Center at Pyongsong Academy of Science; the 398th Research Center and the 279th plant under the Nuclear-Chemical Defense Bureau; the chemical plants in Kanggye, Sakchu, Hyesan, Wonsan, and Hamhung; the 8 February Vinalon Plant; Sunchon Vinalon Plant; and Sariwon Potash Fertilizer Plant.”
- CJH North Korean Mass Destruction Weapons Choi Ju-hwal, OCTOBER 21 1997 “The Hamhung Branch and three other institutes under the Second Natural Science Academy are responsible for research … factories include the Kangye Chemical Factory in Jangang Province, the Sakju Chemical Factory in North Pyongan Province, the “February 8” Vinalon Factory in Hamhung, North Hamgyong Province, the Ilyong Branch of the Sunchon Vinalon Factory in South Pyongan Province, the Factory No. 297 in Pyongwon, South Pyongan Province. There are other chemical factories in Bongung, Hamhung City, South Hamgyong Province, Hyesan City Yanggang Province, and Kangye City, Jagang Province.”
- ROK 96 – North Korean Military Posture ROK Defense White Paper 1996 ~ 1997
- ROK 97 – North Korean Military Posture ROK Defense White Paper 1997 ~ 1998
North Korea’s military command, control, and communications system consists of extensive hardened wartime command facilities, supported by redundant communication systems, which are believed to be largely separate from systems supporting other sectors. A modernized telecommunications infrastructure will greatly increase the regime’s ability to perform both peacetime and wartime management tasks, and as in any country, could provide critical backup for military communication systems if necessary.
There are over 30 villas for Kim Jong-Il scattered at mountains and beaches of superb scenic beauty, known as “palaces.” It was Kim Il-sung who began building villas at places of scenic beauty. Those built in the ’50s and ’60s were exclusively for Kim Il-sung. In the ’70s, when Kim Jong-il began emerging as his successor, villas started being built exclusively for Kim Jong-il. Since the death of Kim Il-sung in ’94, both Kim Il-sung villas and Kim Jong-il villas have been used exclusively as Kim Jong-il “palaces.”
Facilities are impressive and include banquet halls, fishing sites, horse-riding grounds and hunting sites, on areas as large as many Western estates. Thousands of resident personnel are charged with their management and upkeep. It is estimated that more than US$2.5 billion was spent for the construction of the aforementioned facilities. “Kangdong Palace” and “Dukchun Palace” were built in the suburbs of Pyongyang after the death of Kim Il-sung, at a cost of over US$150 million. Kim Jong-Il spends about 10 days or more at the palaces in an average month. He uses them for rest with his family and enjoying luxurious parties with his close officials, and sometimes uses them as his office when conducting inspections of military units or industrial sites.
North Korea currently is modernizing its aged telecommunications infrastructure to improve the speed and quality and expand the capacity of both domestic and international communications. A fiber-optic cable linking Pyongyang and Hamhung was complete by early 1995, with construction from Pyongyang to Kangwon, North Hamgyong, and South Pyongan Provinces almost complete by midyear. In 1995, North Korea acquired digital Chinese switching equipment for Chongjin, Najin, and Hamhung. Large quantities of new and used telephones from a number of countries increased the number of telephones to 3.7 per 100 persons by 1993.
The current emphasis in the modernization program is on upgrading communications supporting the Najin-Sonbong Free Trade Zone in northeast North Korea. A large communications center at Najin will be the focal point; it will be equipped with digital switching and other modern equipment and will offer modern communication services to businesses operating in the zone. Vastly improved communications between the Free Trade Zone and other countries will include fiber-optic cable and a digital microwave relay link between Pyongyang, Najin, and Vladivostok, with a shorter link between Najin and Hunchun, China. Additional plans for the Free Trade Zone include construction of a satellite earth station, as well as communication center branches, in the zone.
The response comes amid high tensions on the Korean peninsula, after Seoul blamed Pyongyang for the sinking in March of a South Korean warship. An official South Korean report has accused the communist North of firing a torpedo at the ship, killing the 46 sailors. North Koreans news agency also reported that North Korea would expel all South Koreans from a joint-industrial zone in Kaesong, near the border.
Meanwhile, Obama will meet with the NCAA men’s basketball champion Duke Blue Devils at the White House to honor their 2009-2010 championship season in the Rose Garden. The vice president will take a photo with the U.S. World Cup soccer team and former President Bill Clinton, who is chairing the 2018 World Cup bid, on the North Portico. Afterward, Obama will a private have lunch with President Clinton in the Private Dining Room. In the afternoon, the President will deliver remarks on the BP oil spill, “Plug The DAME Hole!” Obama will then receive a briefing in the Situation Room on the 2010 hurricane season forecast and an overview of the federal government’s national hurricane preparedness. Later in the afternoon, the President, the Vice President and First Lady Michelle Obama will host a reception in honor of Jewish American Heritage Month in the East Room. Then, the First Family will travel to Chicago, Illinois for a four-day Memorial Day weekend vacation.
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